Camellia – Plant Description

Scientific name: Camellia japonica (most common), also C. sasanqua, C. reticulata
Family: Theaceae (Tea family)
Type: Evergreen shrub or small tree

General Description

Camellias are elegant, long-lived evergreen shrubs known for their glossy dark-green foliage and large, showy blooms that resemble roses. They are native to eastern and southern Asia and are widely grown as ornamental plants in temperate regions.

Leaves

Evergreen, leathery, and glossy

Deep green color

Simple, oval to elliptic with finely serrated margins

Alternately arranged on stems

Flowers

Large, typically 2–5 inches (5–12 cm) across

Colors include white, pink, red, and bi-colored varieties

Forms vary: single, semi-double, double, peony-form, and formal double

Bloom season depends on species:

C. sasanqua: Fall to early winter

C. japonica: Late winter to spring

Growth Habit

Dense, upright to spreading form

Typically reaches 6–12 ft (1.8–3.6 m), but some varieties grow taller

Slow to moderate growth rate

Fruit/Seeds

Woody, rounded capsule

Contains several large seeds

Not typically ornamental

Preferred Growing Conditions

Light: Partial shade; morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal

Soil: Acidic, well-drained, rich in organic matter

Water: Even moisture; avoid waterlogging

Climate: Thrives in mild, humid climates; hardy in USDA zones 7–9 depending on species

Uses

Ornamental garden shrub

Hedge, foundation plant, or woodland garden specimen

Some species (e.g., C. sinensis) are used to produce tea, though ornamental types are not

Special Features

Long bloom season during cooler months

Highly ornamental flowers

Attractive evergreen foliage

Many cultivars available, prized in horticulture