Here’s a detailed description of the germination process of coriander seeds:

🌿 Coriander Seed Germination Description

Common Name: Coriander (also known as Cilantro when referring to the leaves)
Scientific Name: Coriandrum sativum
Family: Apiaceae (Carrot/Parsley family)

✅ Germination Basics:

Germination Time:

7 to 14 days under ideal conditions

Sometimes faster if seeds are properly split and soaked before sowing

Germination Temperature:

Optimal: 18°C to 24°C (65°F to 75°F)

Minimum: ~10°C (50°F)

High heat can cause poor germination and bolting later

Seed Depth:

Sow ¼ to ½ inch (6–12 mm) deep

Spacing:

Thin to 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) apart for leafy growth

Space 8–10 inches (20–25 cm) apart if growing for seeds

🌱 Germination Process:

Seed Preparation (Optional but Helpful):

Coriander “seeds” are actually a fruit containing two seeds inside.

Lightly crush or split the seed husk before planting to improve germination rates.

Soaking the seeds in water for 12–24 hours can help soften the seed coat.

Imbibition:

Seeds absorb water, swell, and start activating enzymes.

Radicle Emergence:

The root (radicle) breaks through the seed and starts anchoring into the soil.

Shoot Emergence:

The shoot (plumule) pushes upward, bringing out the first seed leaves (cotyledons).

True Leaf Formation:

True leaves (with the familiar divided coriander shape) appear after a few days.

✅ Ideal Conditions for Germination:

Light:

Not required during germination, but essential once shoots emerge

Soil:

Well-draining, loose, fertile soil

pH: 6.2 to 6.8

Moisture:

Keep the soil evenly moist (not soggy) during germination

Air Circulation:

Good ventilation helps prevent damping-off disease

⚠️ Common Germination Issues:

Whole (unsplit) seeds: May take longer to germinate or not germinate at all

Overwatering: Can cause rot or fungal issues

High temperatures: Can delay germination or cause premature bolting

🌿 Tips for Better Germination:

Pre-crack or split the seed husk before planting

Soak seeds overnight to speed up germination

Mulch lightly after sowing to retain moisture

Avoid transplanting coriander — it has a delicate taproot and prefers direct sowing.